Somebody who makes a pilgrimage to Mecca is called a hajj in the Arabic language. The pilgrimage is called hajj in the Arabic language. Other big cities are Riyadh, Jeddah and Dammam. The pilgrimage is one of the "pillars of Islam".
Many Muslims from around the world visit Mecca in Saudi Arabia to make a pilgrimage. Saudi Arabia has cities that are important to the Muslim religion. However, human rights groups such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have expressed concern about the state of human rights in Saudi Arabia. Oil accounts for more than 90% of exports and nearly 75% of government revenues, facilitating the creation of a welfare state. Saudi Arabia has the world's largest petroleum reserves and is the world's largest oil exporter. Saudi nationals comprise an estimated 16 million people. It has an estimated population of 27 million, of which 8.8 million are registered foreign expatriates and an estimated 1.5 million are illegal immigrants. Saudi Arabia is the largest state in western Asia by land area (most of the Arabian Peninsula) and the second-largest in the Arab World. The Hanbali school of faith has a big influence, and the ultra-conservative Wahhabism religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called "the predominant feature of Saudi culture". The practice of non-Islamic religions is forbidden in public but not in private. Arabic is the exclusive official language in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is the birthplace of Arabs and Islam and sometimes called "the Land of the Two Holy Mosques" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca), and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam.
It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast, and most of its land is dry and barren. It is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba.
Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast, and Yemen to the south. The land area is approximately 2,150,000 km 2 (830,000 sq mi), so Saudi Arabia is geographically the 5th-largest state in Asia and 2nd-largest state in the Arab world after Algeria. Saudi Arabia officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is a country in Western Asia including most of the Arabian Peninsula.
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